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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-194954

ABSTRACT

Background: Kshara is an important dosage form mentioned in Ayurveda which is derived from plant ash. The Kshara have some similar properties like alkaline nature, water solubility, whitish color etc. Kshara are given advantage over all surgical and parasurgical measures as it can be used in thin, weak and patients who fears for surgery. Different herbs like Apamarga, Snuhi, Kadalipalasha are used to prepare Kshara either single or collectively in classical texts. Therapeutic use of Kshara of different herbs differs from each other hence analytical study of each Kshara is necessary. Aims & Objectives: In the present study preparation of Palash (Butea monosperma) kshara and analytical study is done to understand the characteristics of Palashkshara. Material & methods: The preparation of Kshara is a multistep procedure. In the present study preparation of Palasha Kshara is done according general method of preparation of Kshara mentioned in Sharangadhara Sanhita. Prepared Kshara is subjected to various Physico chemical analyses and results are concluded. Results: The Palash Kshara shows physical properties like whitish in color, pungent odor and soft in touch. Chemically it shows combination of Potassium, Phosphate and Sulphate along with other elements in traces. The present study gives the details of methodology and results of the pharmaceutical and analytical study of Palash Kshara.

2.
J. appl. oral sci ; 27: e20180233, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-975899

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To analyze color change, microhardness and chemical composition of enamel bleached with in-office bleaching agent with different desensitizing application protocols. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventeen polished anterior human enamel surfaces were obtained and randomly divided into nine groups (n = 13). After recording initial color, microhardness and chemical composition, the bleaching treatments were performed as G1: Signal Professional White Now POWDER&LIQUID FAST 38% Hydrogen peroxide(S); G2: S+Flor Opal/0.5% fluoride ion(F); G3: S+GC Tooth Mousse/Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste(TM); G4: S+UltraEZ/3% potassium nitrate&0.11% fluoride(U); G5: S+Signal Professional SENSITIVE PHASE 1/30% Nano-Hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) suspension(SP); G6: S-F mixture; G7: S-TM mixture; G8: S-U mixture; G9: S-SP mixture. Color, microhardness and chemical composition measurements were repeated after 1 and 14 days. The percentage of microhardness loss (PML) was calculated 1 and 14 days after bleaching. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, Welch ANOVA, Tukey and Dunnett T3 tests (p<0.05). Results: Color change was observed in all groups. The highest ΔE was observed at G7 after 1 day, and ΔE at G8 was the highest after 14 days (p<0.05). A decrease in microhardness was observed in all groups except G6 and G7 after 1 day. The microhardness of all groups increased after 14 days in comparison with 1 day after bleaching (p>0.05). PML was observed in all groups except G6 and G7 after bleaching and none of the groups showed PML after 14 days. No significant changes were observed after bleaching at Ca and P levels and Ca/P ratios at 1 or 14 days after bleaching (p>0.05). F mass increased only in G2 and G6, 1 day after bleaching (p<0.05). Conclusions: The use of desensitizing agents containing fluoride, CPP-ACP, potassium nitrate or n-HAP after in-office bleaching or mixed in bleaching agent did not inhibit the bleaching effect. However, they all recovered microhardness of enamel 14 days after in-office bleaching.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tooth Bleaching/methods , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Dentin Desensitizing Agents/chemistry , Tooth Bleaching Agents/chemistry , Reference Values , Saliva, Artificial/chemistry , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission , Spectrophotometry , Surface Properties/drug effects , Time Factors , Materials Testing , Calcium Phosphates/chemistry , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Caseins/chemistry , Random Allocation , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Potassium Compounds/chemistry , Color , Statistics, Nonparametric , Dental Enamel/chemistry , Hardness Tests , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Nitrates/chemistry
3.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 35(2): 215-221, jul. -dez. 2013.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-833991

ABSTRACT

Nystatin (NYS) is a fermentation-produced antibiotic of the polyene group. Commercial NYS is a mixture of compounds named NIS A1, A2 and A3. Current analysis undertook physical and chemical analyses in two samples of commercial nystatin (NYS I and NYS II). Moisture (Karl Fischer), spectroscopic (IR, UV and fluorescence) and thermal analyses (TGA and DSC) were conducted. The moisture was respectively 9.2% and 8.8% for samples I and II. Absorption spectrum in the UV/VIS region had a vibronic structure with three max.. The mirror image rule was not complied with in the fluorimetric analysis. Spectroscopy analysis in the IV region indicated that samples showed spectra similar one to another, analogous to crystal type A. Thermal analyses by DSC provided a wide, single endothermal peak and, therefore, similarities among the samples. DTG shows that samples undergo decomposition at three phases within the temperature range under analysis. Results show that samples are impure and not polymorphic, constituted by a mixture of the compounds A1, A2 and A3.


A nistatina (NIS) é um antibiótico do grupo dos poliênicos produzido por fermentação. A NIS comercial consiste numa mistura de compostos denominados NIS A1, A2 e A3. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar análises físico-químicas de duas amostras de nistatina comercial (NIS I e NIS II). Foram realizadas análises de umidade (Karl Fischer), espectroscópicas (IV, UV e fluorescência) e térmicas (TGA e DSC). A umidade encontrada foi de 9,2% e 8,8% para as amostras I e II, respectivamente. O espectro de absorção na região do UV/VIS apresentou estrutura vibrônica com três máxs.. Na análise fluorimétrica não se observou obediência à regra da imagem espelho. A análise por espectroscopia na região do IV mostrou que as amostras apresentam espectros semelhantes entre si, análogos ao cristal do tipo A. As análises térmicas por DSC apresentaram um pico endotérmico, largo, único, sugerindo semelhanças entre as amostras. O DTG indica que as amostras sofrem decomposição em três fases no intervalo de temperatura estudado. Dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que que as amostras são impuras e não polimorfas, constituindo-se de uma mistura dos compostos A1, A2 e A3.


Subject(s)
Nystatin
4.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 15(4): 305-314, out.-dez. 2010. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-578696

ABSTRACT

O mercúrio, elemento químico considerado não essencial a qualquer processo metabólico, é facilmente acumulado na maioria dos organismos. Ocorre naturalmente em formas orgânicas e inorgânicas, nos estados sólido, dissolvido e gasoso. Seu ciclo biogeoquímico envolve processos que ocorrem no solo, na água e na atmosfera. Em 2002, descobriu-se mercúrio elementar na zona rural do município de Descoberto, Minas Gerais, onde moram cerca de 70 famílias, e sua origem parece estar associada à exploração de ouro, que existiu na região no século 19. Neste trabalho, foram escolhidas três áreas para identificar possível contaminação da água, solo, sedimento e peixes por mercúrio, bem como para estabelecer valores de referência local e contraprova de resultados obtidos anteriormente. Verificaram-se elevadas concentrações no solo (0,26 a 0,55 mg.kg-1), sedimentos (0,13 a 0,61 mg.kg-1) e água (< 0,2 a 2,10 µg.L-1).


Mercury is a chemical element considered unessential to any metabolic process; however, it is easily accumulated in most organisms. It is naturally found in both organic and inorganic forms in solid, liquid and vapor states. Its biogeochemical cycle involves processes occurring in the soil, water and the atmosphere. In 2002, elementary mercury was found in the city of Descoberto, Minas Gerais, Brazil, where 70 families live, and its origin may be related to gold exploration that happened in this region in the 19th century. In this work, three areas were chosen to identify a possible mercury contamination of water, soil, sediment and fish samples and to establish local reference values and counter-evidence of the data previously obtained. Based on the results, high mercury concentrations in soil (0.26 to 0.55 mg.kg-1), sediments (0.13 to 0.61 mg.kg-1) and water (< 0.2 to 2,10 µg.L-1) were verified.

5.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 17(2): 91-95, 20100000. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1491411

ABSTRACT

A irradiação de alimentos é uma opção tecnológica para minimizar problemas de perdas de alimentos, pois reduz asalterações provenientes da atividade bacteriana, estendendo a validade do produto. Neste estudo foram irradiados camarões(Litopenaeus brasiliensis) com doses de 1,5 e 2,5 kGy, após 30 dias de armazenamento sob refrigeração (2°C ± 2°C), como objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da irradiação sobre a validade comercial de camarões através de parâmetros físico-químicos,microbiológicos e sensoriais. Foram avaliados pH, bases voláteis totais (BVT), contagem de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbiasmesófilas (BHAM) e heterotróficas aeróbias psicrófilas (BHAP) e teste de aceitação sensorial. Os valores de pH não variaramentre as amostras controle e as amostras irradiadas apresentando média de 7,08 ± 0,21 durante os 30 dias de armazenamento.A produção de BVT nas amostras controle extrapolou o limite aceitável para o consumo no 15o dia de armazenamentoenquanto nas amostras irradiadas com 2,5 kGy, este limite não foi alcançado em 28 dias de armazenamento, demonstrandoo efeito positivo da utilização da irradiação. Na análise sensorial, não ocorreu diferença significativa (p> 0,01) na aceitação,quanto aos atributos de sabor, aparência, aroma e impressão global entre as amostras.


Food irradiation is currently regarded as a technological option to mitigate food losses due to its potential in reducing microbiological load and its associated spoilage effects, consequently extending the shelf life of many products. Samples of shrimp (Litopenaeus brasiliensis) have been exposed to gamma doses of 0, 1.5 and 2.5 kGy and monitored changes in sensorial characteristics (30 judges), pH and total volatile bases (TVB) levels. All samples were kept at 2°C ± 2°C through the experiments. No significant change in pH has been observed during the experiments regardless of the gamma dose applied. There was statistical difference between the non-irradiated samples and those irradiated with 2.5 kGy (p 0.01), though no significant difference has been found between the non-irradiated samples and those irradiated with 1.5 kGy nor between the samples irradiated with 1.5 kGy and those irradiated with 2.5 kGy. Based on the upper commercial limit for NB, non-irradiated samples achieved the limit in 15 days while the samples irradiated with 2.5 kGy didnt achieve the limit in 28 days. In sensorial analyses, there was no significant difference (p> 0.01) in the acceptance, according to the attributes flavor, appearance, aroma and global impression among the samples.


Subject(s)
Animals , Penaeidae/microbiology , Penaeidae/chemistry , Refrigeration , Refrigeration/classification , Refrigeration/veterinary
6.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2009. 147 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-837279

ABSTRACT

Drug profiling, isto é, a caracterização de amostras de drogas apreendidas no sentido de estabelecer conexões entre apreensões realizadas em diferentes épocas e/ou locais a uma origem comum de produção clandestina, tem sido um objetivo dos órgãos governamentais responsáveis pela prevenção/repressão. Especificamente tratando-se de comprimidos de ecstasy, o conhecimento de suas propriedades físicas e químicas é de relevante importância para discriminar a apreensão de diferentes lotes. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho propõe uma nova abordagem para estabelecer conexões entre apreensões de comprimidos de ecstasy, por meio da calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), termogravimetria (TG) e difratometria de raios-X (DRX). Também foi realizada a caracterização física de todos os comprimidos (logotipo, coloração, massa, diâmetro e espessura), bem como a identificação/quantificação dos constituintes ativos por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS) e o perfil de dissolução in vitro. Além disso, foi desenvolvido um método empregando a extração líquido-líquido para o isolamento da 3,4-metilenodioximetanfetamina (MDMA) dos comprimidos de ecstasy, que posteriormente foi cristalizada para cloridrato de MDMA (MDMA.HCl). Foram analisados dezessete diferentes lotes de comprimidos de ecstasy de diversos logotipos e colorações apreendidos no município de São Paulo, Brasil. Apenas um lote apresentou como única substância ativa a clorofenilpiperazina (CPP). Os outros continham apenas MDMA e o conteúdo de MDMA variou de 29 a 115-mg/comprimido. Os valores de massa dos comprimidos variaram de 143 a 341-mg, a espessura de 3,2 a 5,8-mm e o diâmetro de 7,0 a 9,5-mm. A comparação das curvas obtidas, tanto por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) como pelos difratogramas de raios-X (DRX), permitiu discriminar aqueles com perfis semelhantes, importante para identificar a origem de produção. O baixo grau de cristalinidade do MDMA.HCl de alguns comprimidos de ecstasy não impediu a caracterização por DSC e DRX. Esses resultados podem ser úteis para a aplicação no trabalho de inteligência forense


Drug profiling or the characterization of seized drug samples to link seizures made at different times and/or locations to their common clandestine origin, has long been a goal of law enforcement agencies. Considering the trafficking of ecstasy tablets, the knowledge of chemical and physical properties is of utmost importance to discriminate between different seizures. In this context this study proposed a new approach to establish links among seizures of ecstasy tablets by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Besides this characterization, physical appearance (logotype, color, weight, diameter and thickness), identification/quantification of active constituents by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and in vitro drug dissolution assays were performed too. A method employing liquid-liquid extraction was also developed for the isolation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) from ecstasy tablets and afterwards MDMA was crystallized to MDMA hydrochloride (MDMA.HCl). Seventeen different lots of various logotypes and colors of confiscated ecstasy tablets from seizures in São Paulo city, Brazil, were analyzed. Chlorophenylpiperazine (CPP) was found only as an active ingredient in one batch. The others tablets contained only MDMA and the content of MDMA varied from 29 to 115-mg/tablet. The weight values of tablets varied from 143 to 341-mg, the thickness from 3,2 to 5,8-mm and the diameter from 7,0 to 9,5-mm. DSC/TG curves and X-ray difratograms of the ecstasy tablets allowed distinguishing those with similar profile, for both techniques, which is important to identify the source of production. The low degree of MDMA.HCl crystallinity of some ecstasy tablets didnt prevent DSC and XRD characterization. These results can be useful for forensic intelligence work application


Subject(s)
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/analysis , X-Ray Diffraction/methods , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Illicit Drugs/analysis , Forensic Toxicology/instrumentation
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(5): 1308-1315, out. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-471217

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se o estado de frescor e a qualidade higiênica do pescado disponível em alguns estabelecimentos comerciais de Vila Real, uma cidade do interior de Portugal. Vinte e três amostras foram submetidas a uma análise sensorial e a análises fisico-químicas - determinação do teor de azoto básico volátil total (ABVT), do índice de refração do humor aquoso e do pH. A avaliação da qualidade higiênica do pescado foi feita por meio de diferentes análises microbiológicas na superfície e na profundidade do músculo do pescado. O pescado fresco, considerado por todos os métodos de análise, próprio para consumo, apresentou estado de frescor entre bom e satisfatório. O ABVT foi considerado o método objetivo de eleição, sempre que surgiram dúvidas relativamente ao grau de frescor do pescado. O pescado próprio para consumo apresentou valores que variaram entre os 20,60 e 27,36mgN/100g e perfil microbiológico aceitável, com contagens de microrganismos psicrotróficos entre 5,41 e 6,03 UFC/cm² na superfície e entre 4,79 e 5,28 UFC/cm² no músculo


The freshness and hygienic quality of fresh fish sold in some fish markets of Vila Real, a Portuguese town, were evaluated. Twenty-three samples were examined by sensorial and physico-chemical analyses (total volatil basic nitrogen - TVBN, aqueous humour refraction rate and pH). The determination of hygienic quality of fish was carried out by different microbiological analysis on the surface and deepness of fish muscle. Fish was considered proper for consumption by all the methods used in the evaluation of fish freshness, and was classified between good and satisfactory. TVBN was considered the objective method of election, in case of doubt about fish freshness, and fish proper for consumption presented TVBN values between 20.60 and 27.36mgN/100g. The microbiological profile was considered acceptable with psychrotrophic microorganisms counts between 5.41 and 6.03 CFU/cm² on fish surface and between 4.79 and 5.28 CFU/g in muscle deepness


Subject(s)
Animals , Chemical Phenomena/legislation & jurisprudence , Chemical Phenomena/methods , Food Hygiene , Food Quality , Fishes/microbiology , Fish Products/microbiology , Health Surveillance , Veterinary Public Health
8.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 61(2): e34996, 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: lil-342871

ABSTRACT

Foram realizadas análise microbiológica, físico-químicas e microscópicas de 15 amostras diferentes de polpa de fruta congelada de uma única marca comercial, com o objetivo de verificar a qualidade destas polpas, uma vez que, säo consumidas in natura. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que, do ponto de vista microbiológico, todas as amostras analisadas atendiam à legislaçäo em vigor. Entretanto, as análises físico-químicas mostraram que, das 13 amostras que apresentam limites estabelecidos pela legislaçäo vigente, 4 (31 por cento) se enquadravam como produto em desacordo com a mesma legislaçäo. As polpas de abacaxi e morango näo apresentam padröes legais de identidade e qualidade. As análises microscópicas mostraram que 60 por cento das amostras apresentaram fragmentos e/ou larvas de insetos e àcaros. Foram também detectados fragmentos micelianos. Os resultados indicaram que 53 por cento das amostras foram enquadradas como produtos inaceitáveis para o cusumo, quanto às características microscópicas. Portanto, existe a necessidade de estabelecer métodos que sirvam como padräo para o controle microscópico destes produtos, além da exigência de contagem de filamentos micelianos em polpas de frutas congeladas


Microbiological, physical-chemical and microscopic analyses of 15 samples of frozen fruitpulp, from a single commercial brand, were carried out to verify pulp quality, because they are consumedin natura.The results have shown that, from the microbiological point of view, all samples were in compliancewith the present legislation. However, the physical-chemical analyses showed that 4 (31%) of the sampleswere not in compliance with this legislation. The identity and quality of pineapple and strawberry pulp arenot contemplated by the legislation. The microscopic analyses showed that 60% of the samples presentedfragments and/or larvae of insects and acarids. Micelial fragments were also detected. The results indicatedthat 53% of the samples were unacceptable for consumption according to the legislation. Therefore,methods need to be established in order to serve as a model for the microscopic control of these products,in addition to the necessity of counting micelial filaments in frozen fruit pulp


Subject(s)
Animals , Chemical Phenomena , Food Microbiology , Fruit , Microbiology , Microscopy
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